Resumen La fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos puede ser provocada por diversas causas, entre ellas, como consecuencia del daño que provoca Fasciola hepatica a nivel hepatocelular. La fotodermatitis de origen hepatógeno es uno de los signos clínicos que se puede observar en cuadros de fasciolasis crónica, debido en su capacidad de producir fibrosis hepática y colangitis con estasis biliar. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir dos brotes de fotosensibilización hepatógena en bovinos en los departamentos de Tacuarembó y Soriano (Uruguay). La enfermedad afectó a un lote de vacas Hereford y cruza, y a un lote de vaquillonas cruzas. En ambos brotes los animales pastoreaban en campos forestales húmedos. Los principales signos clínicos observados fueron pérdida de peso, costras y peladuras en morro, fotofobia, sialorrea y corrimientos oculares. Se realizaron necropsias visualizando como hallazgos macroscópicos relevantes dermatitis necrótica bilateral de los párpados, úlceras en cara ventral de lengua. En hígado se observó engrosamiento de la cápsula de Glisson, fibrosis difusa y colangitis crónica con calcificación de los canalículos biliares. Al examen histopatológico se destacó como principal lesión, fibrosis hepática y obstrucción canalicular con presencia de Fasciola hepatica. En base a los signos clínicos, hallazgos macro y microscópicos, la fotosensibilización observada en los animales de ambos brotes estuvo directamente relacionada con las alteraciones hepáticas crónicas causadas por F. hepatica.

Summary Bovine hepatogenic photosensitization can be caused by several causes, such as hepatocellular damage due to by Fasciola hepatica. Hepatogenic photodermatitis is one of the clinical signs that can be observed in chronic fasciolasis, caused by hepatic fibrosis and cholangitis with bile stasis. The objective of this work was to describe two outbreaks of hepathogenic photosensitization in cattle in the counties of Tacuarembó and Soriano (Uruguay). The disease affected a herd of Hereford and crossbreed cows and a herd of crossbreed heifers. In both outbreaks the animals grazed in damp forest fields. The main clinical signs observed were weight loss, scabs and peeling on the snout, photophobia, hypersalivation and ocular bleeding. In all necropsies performed, the relevant macroscopic findings were bilateral necrotic dermatitis of the eyelids, ulcers on the ventral surface of the tongue. In the liver, there was thickening of the Glisson's capsule, diffuse fibrosis, and chronic cholangitis with calcification of the bile canaliculi. Histopathologically the main lesion was liver fibrosis and canalicular obstruction with the presence of F. hepatica. Based on the clinical signs, macro and microscopic findings, the photosensitization observed in the animals of both outbreaks was directly related to the chronic liver alterations caused by F. hepatica.

Resumen: Listeriosis es una enfermedad asociada al consumo de alimentos contaminados con bacterias del género Listeria. Este trabajo se realizó en un sistema de cría extensiva de bovinos. Los objetivos fueron confirmar la sospecha clínica de un caso de listeriosis nerviosa en un bovino de carne a pastoreo, detectar la presencia de portadores asintomáticos de Listeria sp. en el rodeo y establecer la presencia de bacterias del genero Listeria en pasturas y agua de bebida del predio. Se realizó la necropsia de una vaca de cría que presentaba marcha en círculos, decúbito y muerte. En sistema nervioso central (SNC) se recuperaron colonias de Listeria monocytogenes, mientras que en la histopatología se observó meningoencefalitis supurativa con múltiples microabscesos en tronco encefálico e inmunomarcación positiva a L. monocytogenes. Se detectaron dos vacas de cría portadoras asintomáticas que excretaban L. monocytogenes y seis que excretaban L. innocua en materia fecal. En las muestras de pasturas no hubo aislamiento, mientras que en la muestra de agua de arroyo se recuperó L. innocua. El aislamiento de L. monocytogenes obtenido de SNC y otro de una vaca portadora asintomática se tipificaron como perfil de serotipo 4b, el restante se tipifico como perfil 1/2a. Estos serotipos coinciden con los más comúnmente reportados a nivel mundial en casos humanos y animales, así como en alimentos para consumo humano a nivel nacional. Es necesario continuar los estudios epidemiológicos en los sistemas de producción cárnica y lechera de Uruguay para conocer la dispersión del agente, establecer su relación con casos de listeriosis en humanos y diseñar/aplicar medidas de control adecuadas que disminuyan su diseminación entre animales de producción.

Summary: Listeriosis is a disease associated with the consumption of food contaminated with bacteria of the genus Listeria. This study was carried out in an extensive beef cattle operation. The aims were to confirm the clinical suspicion of nervous listeriosis in a beef cattle, to detect asymptomatic carriers of Listeria sp. within the herd and to establish the presence of bacteria of the genus Listeria in pastures and drinking water from the farm. A cow showed circling, decubitus and death. Necropsy was performed and Listeria monocytogenes was isolated from the central nervous system (CNS). Suppurative meningoencephalitis with multiple microabscesses was observed in the brainstem and positive L. monocytogenes immunostaining was detected. Two asymptomatic cows were shedding L. monocytogenes and six were shedding L. inocua in feces. Listeria sp. was not isolated from pasture samples, while L. innocua was isolated in the water sample from the stream. L. monocytogenes isolates from CNS and another from an asymptomatic carrier cow were typified as serotype 4b profile, and the other one as serotype 1/2a. Both serotypes belong to the most commonly reported worldwide in humans and animals diseases, as well as in foods for human consumption nationwide. More epidemiological studies are necessary in beef and dairy cattle operations of Uruguay in order to investigate the dispersion of the agent, establish its relationship with cases of listeriosis in humans and design/apply control measures that reduce its dissemination among animals.

Resumen La rangeliosis canina es una enfermedad causada por el protozoario Rangelia vitalii y transmitida por garrapatas. Afecta caninos domésticos y silvestres, provocando un cuadro de anemia hemolítica y trombocitopenia. En Uruguay ha sido reportada en los Departamentos de Artigas, Salto y Treinta y Tres. El presente trabajo describe un foco de rangeliosis canina en el litoral oeste del Uruguay, diagnosticado mediante estudios epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos, anatomopatológicos y técnicas moleculares (PCR/secuenciación). El estudio se basó en 9 casos de perros raza Griffon Fauve de Bretagne provenientes de un predio rural próximo a Quebracho, Departamento de Paysandú. De los animales ocho murieron y uno respondió al tratamiento. Los principales signos clínicos fueron apatía, ictericia, fiebre, diarrea con sangre y sangrado por narinas y punta de orejas. Hematológicamente se constató anemia, trombocitopenia y leucocitosis. Los hallazgos macroscópicos se caracterizaron por palidez, ictericia generalizada, esplenomegalia, linfoadenomegalia y hepatomegalia. Al examen histopatológico se destacó: nefritis intersticial con degeneración y necrosis tubular, miocarditis, necrosis hepática centrolobulillar. Congestión y edema pulmonar, linfoadenitis, y en bazo infiltrado inflamatorio difuso perivascular de tipo mononuclear. En diversos órganos se visualizaron zoítos de R. vitalii intracitoplasmáticas en las células endoteliales. En algunos animales así como en los caniles de los perros se constató presencia de Amblyomma aureolatum. De dos casos se extrajo ADN de sangre y mediante PCR se amplificó un fragmento del gen 18s ARN ribosomal de Piroplasmas. La secuencia obtenida fue comparada con secuencias registradas en el GenBank utilizando la herramienta BLAST. El resultado reveló una homología entre 99-100% con R. vitalii.

Summary Canine rangeliosis is a disease caused by the protozoan Rangelia vitalii and transmitted by ticks. It affects domestic and wild canines, causing hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. In Uruguay it has been reported in the following counties: Artigas, Salto and Treinta y Tres. The present study describes a canine rangeliosis outbreak in the northwest littoral of Uruguay, diagnosed by epidemiological, clinical, hematological, anatomopathological and molecular techniques (PCR / sequencing). The study was based on 9 cases of dogs, Fawn Brittany Griffon breed,used for hunting; from a farm near Quebracho, Paysandú County. Eight animals died and one responded to the treatment. The main clinical signs were apathy, jaundice, fever, bloody diarrhea and bleeding from nostrils and tips of the ears. The hematological findings were anemia, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis. Main macroscopic lesions were characterized by paleness, generalized jaundice, splenomegaly, lymphadenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. The principal histopathological lesions were interstitial nephritis with tubular degeneration and necrosis, myocarditis, centrolobulillar hepatic necrosis, edematous and congestive lung, lymphoadenitis and perivascular mononuclear inflammatory infiltration in spleen. In several organs were observed R. vitalii zoites inside the cytoplasm of endothelial cells. In some animals and as well as in dog kennels were present Amblyomma aureolatum. DNA was extracted from blood of two cases and a fragment of the 18s ribosomal RNA gene of Piroplasm was amplified by PCR. The sequence obtained was compared to the sequences registered in the GenBank using the BLAST tool. The result showed a homology between 99-100% with R. vitalii.

Resumen: Coenurosis es la enfermedad causada por Coenurus cerebralis, forma larvaria de Taenia multiceps. Afecta a rumiantes, equinos, suinos y humanos provocando sintomatología nerviosa. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo describir un foco de coenurosis en bovinos en Uruguay, diagnosticado mediante estudios anatomopatológicos y técnicas moleculares (PCR/secuenciación). Se realizó la necropsia de dos vaquillonas Hereford (Caso A y B) de 2-3 años que presentaban desmejoramiento progresivo, ataxia, torneo y desviación de la cabeza. Macroscópicamente, se observó la presencia de una vesícula quística en el hemisferio cerebral izquierdo del caso A, la cual se rompió espontáneamente al extraer el encéfalo del cráneo. En el caso B, se extrajo del hemisferio cerebral derecho una vesícula completa, de color transparente con escólices blanquecinos en su interior. Al examen histopatológico del sistema nervioso central se observó reacción inflamatoria en el tejido adyacente a la ubicación de los quistes constituida por macrófagos, eosinófilos, linfocitos y células gigantes. La vesícula del caso B fue diseccionada y se utilizó un trozo para la extracción de ADN. Mediante PCR se amplificó un fragmento del gen nad1. La secuencia obtenida fue comparada con las secuencias registradas en el GenBank utilizando la herramienta BLAST. El resultado reveló una homología de 99% con T. multiceps. Por lo tanto, este trabajo confirma que la coenurosis bovina se encuentra presente Uruguay.

Summary: Coenurosis is a disease caused by Coenurus cerebralis, the larval stage of Taenia multiceps. Ruminants, equids, swine and even humans can be affected developing neurological symptoms. This work reports C. cerebralis infection diagnosed by macroscopic and histologic lesions and molecular tools (PCR/sequencing) in two heifers in Uruguay.Two 2-3 years old Hereford heifers were necropsied (case A and B). Both animals presented progressive deterioration, ataxia, circling and head deviation. Grossly, in case A, a cystic vesicle protruding from the left hemisphere was observed. The vesicle was broken spontaneously while the encephalon was retrieved from the cranial cavity. On case B, the whole cystic vesicle was retrieved from the right hemisphere. Through the translucent wall´svesicle was possible to visualize whitish scolices attached to the inner layer. Histopathology of the central nervous system revealedan inflammatory reaction on the cyst adjacent tissue, characterized by the presence of macrophages, eosinophils, lymphocytes and giant cells. The vesicle of case B was dissected and a small piece was used for DNA extraction. By PCR, a fragment of nad1 gene was amplified and sent for direct sequencing. The obtained sequence was compared with the available sequences registered on GenBank using the BLAST tool. The result revealed a 99% homology with sequences registered as T. multiceps. Therefore, this work confirmed that bovine coenurosis is present in Uruguay.

Resumen Se describe un foco de urolitiasis obstructiva en un corral de engorde ocurrido en Setiembre de 2010 en el departamento de Paysandú, Uruguay (Latitud 31º53’0,03”S; Longitud 57º3’24,46”O). Se afectaron 132 novillos de 2 a 3 años de raza Hereford y Cruza, que recibían una dieta con concentrados en base a cereales y premezcla de minerales. Las lesiones más destacadas en todos los animales se observaron en el sistema urinario: riñones pálidos con pérdida de diferenciación cortico-medular y múltiples cálculos a nivel de pelvis renal. Seis novillos que murieron en el corral presentaban además, obstrucción uretral a nivel de la flexura sigmoidea del pene con ruptura de la vejiga urinaria. El análisis de los cálculos determinó que estaban compuestos por estruvita. El principal factor predisponente para la presentación de urolitiasis obstructiva en este foco, fue el desbalance mineral de la dieta dado por un consumo alto de concentrados. No se observaron más casos luego que se implementaron medidas para la prevención de la urolitiasis obstructiva.

Summary It is described an obstructive urolithiasis outbreak in feedlot cattle occurred in September 2010, in Paysandú, Uruguay (Latitude 31º53’0.03”S; Longitude 57º3’24.46”O). There were affected 132 Hereford and Crossbreed 2-to-3 year old steers that were fed with a concentrate based on cereals and a mineral premix. The most important lesions in all animals were in the urinary system: pale kidneys without cortex-medullar differentiation and many calculi in the renal pelvis. Six steers that died in the feedlot had also urethral obstruction in the sigmoideal flexure and rupture of the urinary bladder. Calculi analysis determined that it was composed of struvite. Main predisposing factor for obstructive urolithiasis in this outbreak was the imbalance diet trough a high intake of concentrate. There were no more cases since preventive managing measures were implemented.

In this work the parasitic capacitive and inductive effects due to the strip lines in a printed circuit board are calculated. To find their values a MatLab code program was implemented and validated solving the electric equivalent circuit using the commercial software called Serenade. In this research a second order π-type filter was used in a commercial single-layer printed circuit board.

En este trabajo se presenta el cálculo de los efectos parásitos capacitivos e inductivos debidos a las pistas de una tarjeta de circuito impreso. Para encontrar sus valores y sus efectos, se desarrolló un programa en MatLab, validando los resultados con la solución del circuito eléctrico equivalente utilizando el programa comercial Serenade. En este trabajo de investigación se utilizó un filtro tipo π de segundo orden, el cual se implementó en una tarjeta de circuito impreso comercial de una sola cara.

Descreve-se um surto de intoxicação por organoclorados (Endosulfan) em bovinos ocorrido em abril de 2009, em uma propriedade de recria de bezerros localizada no departamento de Paisandú, Uruguai. O quadro clínico foi observado um dia depois de haver ocorrido na propriedade, uma descarga acidental de 700 litros de um pesticida formulado em solução a base de água mais endosulfan e cipermetrina por dano em um avião pulverizador. A morbidade foi de 7,7% e mortalidade de 6,0%. Os sinais clínicos se caracterizaram por salivação, ataxia, hipersensibilidade, tremores musculares, movimentos de pedalagem, ranger de dentes, excitação, convulsão, decúbito e morte. Na necropsia dos animais e ao exame histopatológico não se observaram lesões. Na mesma propriedade foi observada, também, mortalidade de peixes em um arroio próximo ao local onde o pesticida foi derramado. Amostras de gordura, fígado e conteúdo ruminal de bovinos mortos e de peixes foram analisadas pela técnica de cromatografia gasosa sendo detectada a presença de endosulfan e/ou seus metabólitos em quantidades de 0,16-3,7mg/kg, superiores aos níveis de referência aceitáveis de 0,05-0,2mg/kg, confirmando-se a ocorrência da intoxicação por este organoclorado.

An outbreak of organochlorine (endosulfan) poisoning in cattle registered in April 2009 on a farm for calf rearing is reported. Cattle showed neurological symptoms one day after an accidental discharge of a crop duster releasing 700 liter of pesticide with a water-based solution of endosulfan and cypermethrin had occurred. The morbidity was 7.7% and the mortality 6.0%. The symptoms in the cattle were sialorrhea, ataxia, hypersensitivity, muscle twitching, pedaling, teeth grinding, excitability, convulsions, recumbency and death. At necropsy of the animals and histopathological examination non significant lesions were found. There was also a significant mortality of fish in the gorge of the affected paddock. Through gas chromatography the presence of endosulfan and/or its metabolite above references levels was identified in samples of fat, liver and rumen contents of affected animals, as well as in fish and water collected, what confirmed the organochlorine poisoning.

A ataxia espástica autossômica recessiva de Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) é doença degenerativa do sistema nervoso, caracterizada por ataxia associada a espasticidade, entre outras manifestações neurológicas, de início na infância. A doença tem alta prevalência na região de Quebec, no Canadá. Muitos relatos de ARSACS têm sido descritos fora do Canadá nas últimas décadas. Nesse artigo, relatamos a primeira descrição dos aspectos clínicos e de neuroimagem típicos em uma família brasileira com provável diagnóstico de ARSACS.

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by late-infantile onset spastic ataxia and other neurological features. ARSACS has a high prevalence in northeastern Quebec, Canada. Several ARSACS cases have been reported outside Canada in recent decades. This is the first report of typical clinical and neuroimaging features in a Brazilian family with probable diagnosis of ARSACS.

The extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma belongs to a group of infrequent malignant cartilaginous tumors, which are not obvious mainly in the bone. The most common site of such tumors is within the orbit, the central nervous system and the soft tissues of the lower limbs. The commitment is usually metastatic to the lung and lymph nodes, especially in adult patients, who have shown an increased mortality. The paper aims at presenting the case of male patient aged 14, who was admitted to our institution with a solid lesion located at the level of soft tissues in the posterior aspect of the right leg and whose histopathological study confirmed Extraskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma (CME) and the literature review about the same.

El condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraesque-lético pertenece a un grupo de tumores cartilaginosos malignos, que son infrecuentes y habitualmente no presentan compromiso óseo. Se presenta más frecuentemente en la órbita, sistema nervioso central y en los tejidos blandos de los miembros inferiores. El compromiso metastásico es generalmente pulmonar y ganglionar, especialmente en pacientes adultos en quienes se ha demostrado una mayor mortalidad. Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar el caso de un paciente masculino de 14 años de edad, que ingresó a nuestra institución con una lesión sólida localizada a nivel de los tejidos blandos en el aspecto posterior de la pierna derecha, cuyo estudio histopatológico confirmó un condrosarcoma mesenquimal extraesquelético, junto con una revisión bibliográfica del tema.

Background: Yupkpa community in Perijá Sierra does not have drinking water or sewage elimination systems. Thus it becomes a propitious place for infection with intestinal parasites. Aim: To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in children, ages 0 to 14 years, in the Yukpa ethnic population of Toromo in the Perijá Mountains, Zulia State, Venezuela. Material and Methods: Ninety one fecal samples were analyzed by the following coproparasitologic methods: saline solution and lugol fresh mount, formalin-ether concentration (Ritchie), and Kinyoun stain for intestinal coccidians. Results: Overall parasite infection prevalence was 83.5%. The most frequently observed parasites were: Ascaris lumbricoides (57.1%), Trichuris trichiura (20.8%), Hymenolepis nana (14.2%), Blastocystis hominis (51.6%), Giardia lamblia (30.7%), and Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar complex (21.9%). Coccidians were nont observed in any of the stool samples. Conclusions: The large number of infected people is directly related to the hygienic and sanitary conditions of the population studied